基于分解法建模的泵送系统可靠性和可用性评估

为解决马尔科夫模型的状态空间爆炸问题,在状态空间分解法的基础上,建立单个部件(层次3)的SPN模型,然后根据子系统的组成结构建立单个子系统(层次2)的SPN模型.将子系统SPN模型集成为系统模型(层次1),得到系统模型的可达图及缩小的等效半马尔科夫图,按图建立系统模型的状态方程并求解,然后对系统进行可靠性和可用性评估.以泵送系统为例,验证分解法有助于解决状态空间爆炸问题,并使建模的难度和计算量减小,更易于操作.     

基于蚁群优化和模糊Petri网的建筑工程成本预测研究

为了有效提高建筑工程成本动态控制的精确度,提出将蚁群优化算法和模糊Petri网理论应用于建筑工程成本预测。首先,通过模糊产生式规则选择样本工程并确定工程之间的相似度,以便建立工程成本预测模型,其权值和阈值等参数由ＢＰ神经网络训练得出。然后,利用蚁群优化对模型各参数进行优化,从而进一步提高工程成本预测的精确度。实际建筑工程实例分析结果表明：相比传统的BP神经网络预测方法,提出的方法具有更高的准确度,能够有效应用于企业建筑工程成本的科学管理。     

基于改进Petri 网的装备维修资源需求预测

为解决维修工作分析方法在装备维修资源预测中存在的不足,提出一种用维修工作Petri网(maintenance task Petri net,MTPN)来描述装备维修过程的方法.基于Petri网理论并结合装备维修过程的特点,以某装备液压机构的故障维修为例,建立MTPN模型,并得出所需维修资源的种类和数量.实例结果表明:该方法对装备维修过程的描述清晰直观,得出所需装备维修资源的种类和数量准确详细.     

CFG桩网复合地基加固物流地坪深厚软土地基的三维数值模拟分析

结合湖州某物流园采用CFG桩网复合地基处理大面积深厚软土的工程实例,运用Midas GTS有限元软件建立桩网人工复合地基三维固结模型,计算模拟不同垫层厚度、土工格栅层数、桩长等设计参数对沉降变形的影响以及土工格栅在桩网固结模型中的受力特征。计算结果表明:地基整体沉降变形随填土垫层厚度的增加而增大,随土工格栅层数的增加而减小,随桩长增加而减小;土工格栅最大拉力随着土工格栅层数增加而减小,在桩帽顶部角点处产生部分应力集中,且在桩帽之间挠度明显增加。为此,控制垫层厚度、土工格栅层数、桩长等措施能有效减小地基沉降变形,为今后软基沉降控制等相关工程提供借鉴。     

致密砂岩储层孔隙度渗透率随净上覆压力变化规律研究

为指导致密油藏的勘探与开发,以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7致密砂岩储层为例,基于应力敏感实验,开展了地层孔隙度、渗透率随净上覆压力变化规律研究。实验结果表明,随着净上覆压力不断增加,地层孔隙度和渗透率都有不同程度减小,但减小幅度不同。一元二次方程能较好地描述孔隙度、渗透率随净上覆压力的变化关系,由此建立的孔隙度、渗透率计算模型能有效弥补室内实验的有限性和局限性,为油田的勘探开发提供依据。     

International Trade

Values of net oil imports(-)/exports for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, the United States and Australia. Updated on a monthly basis. Number of imports for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Other EU-15 (EU-15), Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), and Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, (OECD Asia-Pacific), and Total OECED. Current data for Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Other EU-15 (EU-15), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand (OECD Asia-Pacific). Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for principal importers of natural gas and the amount in which they import from United States, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Germany and Spain (Table 19.1). Current data for principal exporters of natural gas and the amount they export to Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Turkmenistan, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia (Table 19.2). Updated on a monthly basis.     

A new verification technique for large processes based on identification of relevant tasks

Verification recently has become a challenging topic for business process languages. Verification techniques like model checking allow to ensure that a process complies with domain-specific requirements, prior to the execution. To execute full-state verification techniques like model checking, the state space of the process needs to be constructed. This tends to increase exponentially with the size of the process schema, or it can even be infinite. We address this issue by means of requirements-specific reduction techniques, i.e., reducing the size of the state space without changing the result of the verification. We present an approach that, for a given requirement the system must fulfill, identifies the tasks relevant for the verification. Our approach then uses these relevant tasks for a reduction that confines the process to regions of interest for the verification. To evaluate our new technique, we use real-world industrial processes and requirements. Mainly because these processes make heavy use of parallelization, full-state-search verification algorithms are not able to verify them. With our reduction in turn, even complex processes with many parallel branches can be verified in less than 10 s.     

International Trade

Values of net oil imports(-)/exports for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, the United States and Australia. Updated on a monthly basis. Number of imports for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Other EU-15 (EU-15), Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), and Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, (OECD Asia-Pacific), and Total OECED. Current data for Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Other EU-15 (EU-15), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand (OECD Asia-Pacific). Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for principal importers of natural gas and the amount in which they import from United States, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Germany and Spain (Table 19.1). Current data for principal exporters of natural gas and the amount they export to Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Turkmenistan, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia (Table 19.2). Updated on a monthly basis.     

On a maximally permissive deadlock prevention policy for automated manufacturing systems by using resource-oriented Petri nets

It is theoretically and practically significant to synthesize a maximally permissive (optimal) controller to prevent deadlocks in an automated manufacturing system (AMS). With an AMS being modeled with Petri nets, by the existing methods, integer linear programming (ILP) problems are usually formulated and solved to obtain optimal policies by forbidding illegal markings at the same time no legal marking is excluded. Without an efficient technique for solving an ILP, such a method is usually computationally prohibitive. A resource-oriented Petri net (ROPN) is employed to model a class of AMS for resolving the deadlock control problem with maximal permissiveness in this paper. Efficient methods are developed to figure out the key structures in an ROPN model for deadlock prevention. Based on the structural properties of ROPN models, this work explores several types of illegal markings that can be prohibited optimally by structural analysis. For these markings, a deadlock prevention policy can be derived in an algebraic way without solving a notorious ILP problem. For the other markings, linear programming (LP), instead of ILP, approaches are developed to forbid them optimally. Thus, a maximally permissive controller can be developed while the computational cost is reduced greatly. The proposed methods are verified by typical examples in the literature.     

International Trade

Values of net oil imports(-)/exports for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, the United States and Australia. Updated on a monthly basis. Number of imports for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Other EU-15 (EU-15), Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), and Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, (OECD Asia-Pacific), and Total OECED. Current data for Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Other EU-15 (EU-15), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand (OECD Asia-Pacific). Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for principal importers of natural gas and the amount in which they import from United States, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Germany and Spain (Table 19.1). Current data for principal exporters of natural gas and the amount they export to Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Turkmenistan, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia (Table 19.2). Updated on a monthly basis.